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CT screening has markedly reduced the lung cancer mortality in high-risk population and increased the detection of early-stage pulmonary neoplasms, including multiple pulmonary nodules, especially those with a ground-glass appearance on CT. Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) constitutes a specific subtype of lung cancer with indolent biological behaviors, which is predominantly early-stage adenocarcinoma. Although MPLC progresses slowly with rare lymphatic metastasis, existence of synchronous lesions and distributed location of these nodules still pose difficulty for the management of such patients. One single operation is usually insufficient to eradicate all neoplastic lesions, whereas repeated surgical procedures bring about another dilemma: whether clinical benefits of surgical treatment outweigh loss of pulmonary function following multiple operations. Therefore, despite the anxiety for treatment among MPLC patients, whether and how to treat the patient should be assessed meticulously. Currently there is a heated discussion upon the timing of clinical intervention, operation mode and the application of local therapy in MPLC. Based on clinical experience of our multiple disciplinary team, we have summarized and commented on the evaluation, surgical treatment, non-surgical local treatment, targeted therapy and immunotherapy of MPLC in this article to provide further insight into this field.
Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Lung/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of myosin heavy chain 7 gene-derived miRNA-208b-3p on the fibrotic phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts. MethodsmiRNA chip array was performed to detect the dysregulated miRNAs in the myocardium of diabetic db/db mice and db/m control mice. Neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes （NMVCs） and cardiac fibroblasts （CFs） were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and cultured. Real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR） was conducted to determine the expression of miR-208b-3p in mouse CFs and NMVCs subjected to angiotensinⅡ（AngⅡ） and high glucose plus glucose oxidase （G/Go） treatment， respectively. Cell counting kit 8（CCk8） assay， flow cytometry and determination of fibrosis-related protein， including COL1A1， COL3A1and α-SMA， were performed in mCFs transfected with miR-208b-3p. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-208b-3p and the 3'-UTR of metal response element binding transcription factor 2 （Mtf2） and progesterone receptor membrane component 1（Pgrmc1）， respectively. The expressions of Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 at the mRNA and protein levels in mCFs after miR-208b-3p mimic transfection were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot assay， respectively. The small interfering RNA （siRNA） was used to inhibit Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 expression in mCFs， and the effects of Mtf2 siRNA， Pgrmc1 siRNA and miR-208b-3p on fibrosis-related protein expression in mCFs were investigated. ResultsResults of miRNA chip array and RT-qPCR assay showed that miR-208b-3p was up-regulated in the myocardium of the diabetic db/db mice. miR-208b precursor and the host gene of Myh7 were consistently increased in db/db mice. miR-208b-3p and Myh7 mRNA were expressed in mCFs and NMVCs， but the levels of miR-208b-3p and Myh7 mRNA in NMVCs were much higher than those in mCFs. miR-208b-3p was up-regulated in mCFs and NMVCs subjected to Ang Ⅱ and G/Go treatment， respectively. miR-208b-3p could significantly enhance fibrosis-related protein， including COL1A1， COL3A1 and α-SMA， in mCFs， without affecting the proliferation activity and cell cycle distribution of mCFs. Dual luciferase reporter assay revealed the interactions of miR-208b-3p with the 3'-UTR of Mtf2 and Pgrmc1. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that miR-208b-3p inhibited Mtf2 and Pgrmc1 expression at the post- transcriptional level. Transfection with miR-208b-3p mimic， Mtf2 siRNA and Pgrmc1 siRNA could consistently enhance the fibrosis-related protein expression in the cardiac fibroblasts. ConclusionsmiR-208b-3p enhances fibrosis-related gene expression by targeting Mtf2 and Pgrmc1in mCFs.
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Renal allograft biopsy (biopsy) remains the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of renal dysfunction after kidney transplantation. Puncture biopsy after kidney transplantation could be divided into indicative biopsy and protocol biopsy according to renal function of the patients. Indicative biopsy is mainly applied to diagnose postoperative complications of kidney transplantation, evaluate the severity of disease and guide subsequent treatment. Protocol biopsy is primarily employed to regular monitor renal allograft function of kidney transplant recipients and exclude subclinical rejection and other complications. Due to the willingness of patients and other reasons, protocol biopsy has not been widely applied in China. Currently, indicative biopsy is the main biopsy pattern. At present, the indications of puncture of indicative biopsy, the timing and necessity of puncture of protocol biopsy remain controversial. In this article, the classification of puncture biopsy after kidney transplantation and research progress on tissue biomarkers based on biopsy were reviewed, aiming to assist clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment of complications after kidney transplantation and provide reference for further improving the survival of renal allografts and recipients.
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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease condition with a dynamic clinical course and catastrophic outcomes. Several etiologies are involved in ALF. Hepatitis A and B infections and indiscriminate use of untested herbs or supplemental agents are the most common causes of ALF in Korea. Noninvasive neurological monitoring tools have been used in patients with ALF in recent times. Ongoing improvements in intensive care, including continuous renal replacement therapy, therapeutic plasma exchange, vasopressor, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, have reduced the mortality rate of patients with ALF. However, liver transplantation is still the most effective treatment for patients with intractable ALF. There is a need for further research in the areas of better prognostication and precise selection of patients for emergency transplantation.
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Background@#Gastric ulcer is one of the prevalent diseases in racehorses. However, it has not been recognized as important in Korea, and drugs used to treat gastric ulcers are included in the doping test list, so they are not allowed to be administered to racehorses in training. @*Objectives@#This study was performed 1) to investigate the prevalence and the severity of gastric ulcers in Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea, 2) to confirm the therapeutic effect of ranitidine and omeprazole, and 3) to compare the efficacy between ranitidine and omeprazole. @*Methods@#Forty-nine horses were randomly recruited, and gastroscopy was performed within two days after racing. Twelve horses with a sum grade of five or higher were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Seven horses were administered ranitidine, and five horses were administered omeprazole. Follow-up gastroscopy was scheduled within one to five days after finishing the treatment. @*Results@#The prevalence of gastric ulcer in Korean Thoroughbred racehorses after racing was 100%, and the grade was more severe in the non-glandular region than in the pyloric region.There was no correlation between the severity of gastric ulcer in the two regions. Omeprazole had a greater therapeutic effect than ranitidine. @*Conclusions@#This study shows the importance of recognizing gastric ulcers as an important factor, and omeprazole as a possible treatment option in Korea, as it has been removed from the list of prohibited substances for racehorses. Thus, the use of omeprazole is currently recommended until one day before the race.
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Background/Aims@#Surgical resection, transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are generally accepted as amenable treatments for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently drug-eluting beads (DEB) which had several treatment advantages were introduced for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of DEB-TACE compared with RFA for the treatment of single small HCC. @*Methods@#In this pilot non-randomized trial, we assessed retrospective data of 40 patients who underwent DEB-TACE (n=21) or RFA (n=19) for single small (≤3 centimeter in greatest dimension) HCC. The primary outcomes were tumor response and time to recurrence. The secondary outcome was treatment-related complications. @*Results@#Complete response rate to DEB-TACE and RFA after first follow-up assessment was 90.5% and 94.7%, respectively (P=1.000). During mean follow-up of 87.6 months (95% confidence interval: 74.4-102), 7 patients experienced local recurrence. The 6- and 12-month cumulative local recurrence rate was 5.0% and 21.8% in DEB-TACE vs. 11.1% and 17.0% in RFA group (P=0.877). A total 14 distant intrahepatic recurrences were developed and 12- and 24-month cumulative distant intrahepatic recurrence rate was 20.6% and 42.7% in DEBTACE vs. 17.2% and 36.3% in RFA group (P=0.844). Two patients experienced gangrenous cholecystitis after DEB-TACE requiring cholecystectomy as treatment-related adverse event. @*Conclusions@#Tumor response and recurrence rate after single session of DEB-TACE or RFA were similar. DEB-TACE could be applied selectively in patients with a single small HCC if the other therapeutic modality is unfeasible.
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Background/Aims@#Surgical resection, transplantation, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are generally accepted as amenable treatments for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently drug-eluting beads (DEB) which had several treatment advantages were introduced for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of DEB-TACE compared with RFA for the treatment of single small HCC. @*Methods@#In this pilot non-randomized trial, we assessed retrospective data of 40 patients who underwent DEB-TACE (n=21) or RFA (n=19) for single small (≤3 centimeter in greatest dimension) HCC. The primary outcomes were tumor response and time to recurrence. The secondary outcome was treatment-related complications. @*Results@#Complete response rate to DEB-TACE and RFA after first follow-up assessment was 90.5% and 94.7%, respectively (P=1.000). During mean follow-up of 87.6 months (95% confidence interval: 74.4-102), 7 patients experienced local recurrence. The 6- and 12-month cumulative local recurrence rate was 5.0% and 21.8% in DEB-TACE vs. 11.1% and 17.0% in RFA group (P=0.877). A total 14 distant intrahepatic recurrences were developed and 12- and 24-month cumulative distant intrahepatic recurrence rate was 20.6% and 42.7% in DEBTACE vs. 17.2% and 36.3% in RFA group (P=0.844). Two patients experienced gangrenous cholecystitis after DEB-TACE requiring cholecystectomy as treatment-related adverse event. @*Conclusions@#Tumor response and recurrence rate after single session of DEB-TACE or RFA were similar. DEB-TACE could be applied selectively in patients with a single small HCC if the other therapeutic modality is unfeasible.
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To explore prescription medication regularity in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). With Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia as the subject, collecting and sorting out the journal papers in CNKI were collected as the data source to establish the literature research database of Alzheimer's disease prescriptions, and then the association rule analysis, factor analysis and systematic cluster analysis on the included TCM were conducted. Among the 113 prescriptions included in the standard, the single herb Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma was the most common. The herbs were mainly warm and flat among four pro-perties, mainly sweet, bitter and spicy among five flavors. The drugs were mainly distributed in five internal organs, and the most commonly used drugs were deficiency tonifying drugs as well as blood activating and stasis removing drugs. In the association rule analysis, it was found that there were 6 drug pairs with the highest association strength. Eight common factors were extracted from the factor analysis, and they were classified into 6 categories in the systematic cluster analysis. The results have shown that the overall principles in treating Alzheimer's disease with modern Chinese medicine are tonifying deficiency, invigorating circulation, activating blood and dispelling phlegm.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Data Mining , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , PrescriptionsABSTRACT
Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity “type 1 diabetes” in the phrase “type 1 and type 2 diabetes.” This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE’s existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.
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Despite a growing number of natural language processing shared-tasks dedicated to the use of Twitter data, there is currently no ad-hoc annotation tool for the purpose. During the 6th edition of BLAH, after a short review of 19 generic annotation tools, we adapted GATE and TextAE for annotating Twitter timelines. Although none of the tools reviewed allow the annotation of all information inherent of Twitter timelines, a few may be suitable provided the willingness by annotators to compromise on some functionality.
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Stress is the non-specific systemic response that occurs when the body is stimulated by various factors, and it can affect multiple systems of the body. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota is an essential part of human microecology, and plays a pivotal role in keeping the body healthy. Stress can result in gut dysbiosis by affecting the function of intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal immune and gastrointestinal motility. This article reviewed the alteration of gut microbiota caused by stress and the possible mechanisms involved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dysbiosis , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Gastrointestinal Motility , Intestinal MucosaABSTRACT
Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity “type 1 diabetes” in the phrase “type 1 and type 2 diabetes.” This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE’s existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.
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Despite a growing number of natural language processing shared-tasks dedicated to the use of Twitter data, there is currently no ad-hoc annotation tool for the purpose. During the 6th edition of BLAH, after a short review of 19 generic annotation tools, we adapted GATE and TextAE for annotating Twitter timelines. Although none of the tools reviewed allow the annotation of all information inherent of Twitter timelines, a few may be suitable provided the willingness by annotators to compromise on some functionality.
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Objective::To observe the effect of modified Dihuang Yinzi on the learning and memory ability and on the neurons in CA1 area of hippocampus of rats suffering from vascular dementia. Method::The 84 male SD rats were randomly selected to form the sham operation group of 12 rats, and the other 72 rats were chosen for the vascular dementia model by means of Bivascular occlusion, and among which 60 were chosen randomly into 6 groups of 12 rats, namely, the model group, the nimodipine group (0.011 g·kg-1), and the high, medium and low dose modified Dihuang Yinzi (4.54, 2.27, 1.14 g·kg-1) respectively. After 30 days of continuous gavage, Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats, hematoxylin eosin (HE) was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons, transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons, TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis level of hippocampal CA1 neurons, immunohistochemical(IHC) was used to detect the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3(PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), Caspase-3 in hippocampal CA1 tissues. Result::Compared with sham operation group, the escape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged, the number of times of crossing the original platform was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the neuronal morphology of hippocampal CA1 area was damaged to varying degrees, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P<0.01), the integral optical density and average optical density of PI3K, Akt were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the integral optical density and average optical density of Caspase-3 were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the escape latency was shortened (P<0.05, P<0.01), the number of crossing the original platform was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the integrated optical density and average optical density of PI3K and Akt were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the integrated optical density and average optical density of Caspase-3 were decreased in different degrees (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Modified Dihuang Yinzi can improve the learning and memory ability of vascular dementia model rats and the damaged neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area. The potential mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway and the inhibition of apoptosis of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area of rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and peripheral blood CD14 CD16 monocytes in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD), and to elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis in CHD by analyzing the correlation between infection, inflammation, and CHD, to provide a basis for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of the disease.@*Methods@#In total, 192 patients with CHD were divided into three groups: latent CHD, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. HCMV-IgM and -IgG antibodies were assessed using ELISA; CD14 CD16 monocytes were counted using a five-type automated hematology analyzer; mononuclear cells were assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting; and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, lipoprotein, hs-CRp and Hcy.@*Results@#The positive rates of HCMV-IgM and -IgG were significantly higher in the CHD groups than in the control group. HCMV infection affects lipid metabolism to promote immune and inflammatory responses.@*Conclusion@#HCMV infection has a specific correlation with the occurrence and development of CHD. The expression of CD14 CD16 mononuclear cells in the CHD group was increased accordingly and correlated with acute HCMV infection. Thus, HCMV antibody as well as peripheral blood CD14 CD16 mononuclear cells can be used to monitor the occurrence and development of CHD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angina Pectoris , Epidemiology , Virology , China , Epidemiology , Coronary Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , Cytomegalovirus , Physiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections , Incidence , Inflammation , Epidemiology , Leukocyte Count , Monocytes , Metabolism , Myocardial Infarction , Epidemiology , VirologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore influencing factors of the elderly's frailty. Methods Eight communities were randomly selected from Dalang Town, Dongguan City, and all the eligible elderly people were investigated using the self-developed frailty index. Univariate analysis was performed using the 2 test, and multivariate analysis was performed by ordinal multi-class Logistic regression. Results Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of frailty conditions among different demographic characteristics, family relationships, economic situation and lifestyle (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (OR=0.13, P<0.001), male (OR=0.65, P=0.012), and daily exercise (OR=0.76, P=0.049) were protective factors for frailty of the elderly. Illiterate (OR=2.42, P<0.001), fewer times to see children per month (OR=1.82, P=0.035), pension funds as the main economic source (OR=1.59, P<0.001), low level of physical activity (OR=2.18, P<0.001) and none social participation (OR=1.41, P=0.004) were risk factors of frailty. Conclusion Age, gender, education level, times to see children per month, economic source, exercise frequency, physical activity level and social participation are the influencing factors of frailty of the elderly.
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In this paper, we investigate cross-platform interoperability for natural language processing (NLP) and, in particular, annotation of textual resources, with an eye toward identifying the design elements of annotation models and processes that are particularly problematic for, or amenable to, enabling seamless communication across different platforms. The study is conducted in the context of a specific annotation methodology, namely machine-assisted interactive annotation (also known as human-in-the-loop annotation). This methodology requires the ability to freely combine resources from different document repositories, access a wide array of NLP tools that automatically annotate corpora for various linguistic phenomena, and use a sophisticated annotation editor that enables interactive manual annotation coupled with on-the-fly machine learning. We consider three independently developed platforms, each of which utilizes a different model for representing annotations over text, and each of which performs a different role in the process.
Subject(s)
Linguistics , Machine Learning , Natural Language ProcessingABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor on liver function and tissue in rats with hepatic hydatidosis.@*Methods@#A model of liver echinococcosis was established in 100 female Wistar rats, 60 of 100 were, randomly divided into three groups, Control group (0.3 ml normal saline), Low dose group (50 μmol/L p38MAPK inhibitor SB-202190), High dose group (100 μmol/L SB-202190B). The reagents were given via the hepatic artery 1, 3, 7, 14 and 42 days after the rat model was generated. Rats were sacrificed 42 days after the intervention, liver tissue and blood samples were collected for liver function study.@*Results@#Alanine aminotransferase levels were (49.58±2.38) U/L, (38.35±1.34) U/L and (30.93±1.51) U/L and aspartic aminotransferase levels were (67.45±5.14) U/L, (54.86±1.09) U/L and (45.76±1.04) U/L in the Control group, the Low-dose group and High-dose group, showing a decreasing trend, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Triglycerides in the Low-dose group were higher than those in Control group and the High-dose group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). In the Control group, the hepatocytes were severely injured, with almost no normal hepatocytes left, and the normal hepatocyte boundaries were also disrupted, he normal hepatic lobule was replaced by the pseudolobules. In the Low-dose group, there were more inflammatory cells, and less replacement of normal liver cells by pseudolobules. High dose group of a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltration, roughly normal liver cells, normal liver cell line is clear, visible central vein of liver cells.@*Conclusion@#p38MAPK inhibitor SB-202190 improved liver function and reduced liver tissue damage in rats with hepatic hydatidosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)inhibitor on liver function and tissue in rats with hepatic hydatidosis.Methods A model of liver echinococcosis was established in 100 female Wistar rats,60 of 100 were,randomly divided into three groups,Control group(0.3 ml normal saline),Low dose group(50 p,mol/L p38MAPK inhibitor SB-202190),High dose group(100 μmol/L SB-202190B).The reagents were given via the hepatic artery 1,3,7,14 and 42 days after the rat model was generated.Rats were sacrificed 42 days after the interven-tion,liver tissue and blood samples were collected for liver function study.Results Alanine aminotrans-ferase levels were(49.58±2.38)U/L,(38.35±1.34)U/L and(30.93±1.51)U/L and aspartic ami-notransferase levels were(67.45±5.14)U/L,(54.86±1.09)U/L and(45.76±1.04)U/L in the Control group,the Low-dose group and High-dose group,showing a decreasing trend,with statistically sig-nificant differences(all P＜0.05).Triglycerides in the Low-dose group were higher than those in Control group and the High-dose group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).In the Control group,the hepatocytes were severely injured,with almost no normal hepatocytes left,and the normal hepato-cyte boundaries were also disrupted,he normal hepatic lobule was replaced by the pseudolobules.In the Low-dose group,there were more inflammatory cells,and less replacement of normal liver cells by pseud-olobules.High dose group of a small amount of inflammatory cells infiltration,roughly normal liver cells,normal liver cell line is clear,visible central vein of liver cells.Conclusionp38MAPK inhibitor SB-202 190 improved liver function and reduced liver tissue damage in rats with hepatic hydatidosis.